Informa plc

Name: Informa plc financial statements and ratios
Creator: Annalist

INF · LSE · Communication and media, events and publishing · United Kingdom · IFRS · Fiscal year ends December

Latest report: FY2025, the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025. Snapshot FY2025_7d0e389e.

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Overview

Revenue, fiscal year

+13.7% year on year

Operating profit, fiscal year

−73.9% year on year

Net income, fiscal year

−96.3% year on year

Diluted EPS, fiscal year

−96.4% year on year

Operating margin, fiscal year

−11.8pp year on year

Return on equity, fiscal year

−4.3pp year on year

Select a figure to see the document it came from.

Key Findings

Findings for the latest fiscal year, with their history over earlier years.

Revenue for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025 was £4.0 billion, 13.7% higher than in the previous fiscal year.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Revenue against the previous fiscal year · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedRevenue for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025 was £4.0 billion, 13.7% higher than in the previous fiscal year.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 WeakenedRevenue for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2024 was £3.6 billion, 11.4% higher than in the previous fiscal year.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewRevenue for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2023 was £3.2 billion, 41.0% higher than in the previous fiscal year.Reconstructed · initial
Net income attributable to the company for fiscal 2025 was £11 million, 96.3% lower than in the previous fiscal year.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Net income against the previous fiscal year · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedNet income attributable to the company for fiscal 2025 was £11 million, 96.3% lower than in the previous fiscal year.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 WeakenedNet income attributable to the company for fiscal 2024 was £298 million, 28.9% lower than in the previous fiscal year.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewNet income attributable to the company for fiscal 2023 was £419 million, 74.3% lower than in the previous fiscal year.Reconstructed · initial
The operating margin for fiscal 2025 was 3.5%, 11.8 percentage points lower than a year earlier.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2024
Rule: Operating margin against a year earlier · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 4 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedThe operating margin for fiscal 2025 was 3.5%, 11.8 percentage points lower than a year earlier.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 NewThe operating margin for fiscal 2024 was 15.3%, 0.6 percentage points lower than a year earlier.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2024 RetiredThe finding changed to lower than a year earlier.Reconstructed · data update
4. FY2023 NewThe operating margin for fiscal 2023 was 15.9%, 7.8 percentage points higher than a year earlier.Reconstructed · initial
Return on equity for fiscal 2025 was 0.2%, against 4.5% a year earlier.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Return on equity against a year earlier · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12, Annual financial report 2024-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedReturn on equity for fiscal 2025 was 0.2%, against 4.5% a year earlier.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 WeakenedReturn on equity for fiscal 2024 was 4.5%, against 6.0% a year earlier.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewReturn on equity for fiscal 2023 was 6.0%, against 25.3% a year earlier.Reconstructed · initial
Free cash flow for fiscal 2025 was £849 million, and operating cash flow was 79.7 times net income attributable to the company.
Interpretation. Operating cash flow paid for all capital expenditure, and the rest is free for dividends, share buybacks or debt repayment.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Free cash flow · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedFree cash flow for fiscal 2025 was £849 million, and operating cash flow was 79.7 times net income attributable to the company.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 StrengthenedFree cash flow for fiscal 2024 was £771 million, and operating cash flow was 2.7 times net income attributable to the company.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewFree cash flow for fiscal 2023 was £593 million, and operating cash flow was 1.5 times net income attributable to the company.Reconstructed · initial
Net debt was £3.1 billion at 31 December 2025.
Confirmedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Net debt or net cash · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 ConfirmedNet debt was £3.1 billion at 31 December 2025.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 StrengthenedNet debt was £3.0 billion at 31 December 2024.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewNet debt was £1.4 billion at 31 December 2023.Reconstructed · initial

Records before FY2025 are reconstructed from the latest snapshot. Ledger: findings.json.

Credit, liquidity, earnings quality and score findings: Analysis.

Data

Source documents5 documents, latest Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2025List

DownloadsExcel workbook · JSON

SnapshotFY2025_7d0e389e

Corporate Events

Corporate events are listed for companies whose figures come from 10-K and 10-Q filings; none are listed for this company.

Earnings, Returns and Balance Sheet

Revenue

By fiscal year, pounds sterling

Operating Profit

By fiscal year, pounds sterling

Profit Attributable to Owners of the Parent

By fiscal year, pounds sterling

Margins

By fiscal year, per cent

Returns

By fiscal year, per cent

Free Cash Flow

Operating cash flow less capital expenditure, by fiscal year, pounds sterling

Net Debt

Total debt less cash and short-term investments, at fiscal year end, pounds sterling

Diluted Earnings per Share

By fiscal year, as reported

Financial Statements

Figures as filed. Select a figure for its source document and method; a small d marks a figure derived from other figures of the same report.

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Ratios

Select a ratio for its formula and the figures it uses, each with its document; (i) gives its definition.

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Analysis

Credit update

FY2025

Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2025. Changes are against the previous report, and each figure shows its period.

0changes1threshold crossed

Changes in This Report 0

No finding changed its state in the latest report.

Thresholds Crossed 1

NewAltman Z'' Zone
The Altman Z'' score for fiscal 2025 was 0.91, below the distress threshold of 1.10.
Interpretation. By this model, the balance sheet and earnings look like those of companies that went bankrupt in its original study: below 1.10 means distress, above 2.60 safe. Large share buybacks lower book equity and so lower the score.

Fiscal years, with balances at each fiscal year end. Select a value for its formula and the figures it uses.

Credit MetricsLease-adjusted debt, EBITDA and cash flow on the definitions of S&P and Moody's, as far as the filings allow.

Lease-adjusted debt, EBITDA and cash flow on the definitions of S&P and Moody's, as far as the filings allow.

By Fiscal Year

Ratio	FY202131 Dec 2021	FY202231 Dec 2022	FY202331 Dec 2023	FY202431 Dec 2024	FY202531 Dec 2025
Lease-adjusted debtBorrowings plus the obligations of long-term leases, such as rents of stores, offices and warehouses, which credit analysts count as debt.Total debt: borrowings + lease liabilities, or the lines that present them together; IFRS 16 puts every lease on the balance sheet
Operating cash flow to debtOperating cash flow after interest paid, as a share of debt with lease liabilities. A higher share means the debt could be repaid sooner from operating cash.Operating cash flow after interest paid / lease-adjusted debt; interest paid that the company classifies as financing activities is deducted
Free operating cash flow to debtOperating cash flow less capital spending, as a share of lease-adjusted debt: the cash left for the debt after the company maintains and expands its assets.(Operating cash flow after interest paid - capital expenditure) / lease-adjusted debt
Discretionary cash flow to debtCash left after capital spending, dividends and share repurchases, as a share of lease-adjusted debt. A negative figure means the company paid out more than it generated.(Operating cash flow after interest paid - capital expenditure - dividends - purchases of own shares) / lease-adjusted debt
Liquid assets to debtCash and short-term investments as a share of lease-adjusted debt: the part of the debt that cash on hand could repay at once.(Cash + short-term investments) / lease-adjusted debt

Reconciliation of the Credit Figures

Item	FY202131 Dec 2021	FY202231 Dec 2022	FY202331 Dec 2023	FY202431 Dec 2024	FY202531 Dec 2025
Borrowings	£2.0bn	£1.9bn	£1.5bn	£3.2bn	£3.2bn
Lease liabilities	£266m	£270m	£264m	£278m	£302m
Borrowings and lease liabilities presented as one line	£0	£0	£0	£0	£0
Lease-adjusted debt	£2.3bn	£2.2bn	£1.8bn	£3.5bn	£3.5bn

Method

Total debt is borrowings and lease liabilities, current and non-current, before the deduction of cash. Under IFRS 16 every lease is on the balance sheet, depreciation includes that of right-of-use assets and finance costs include the interest on lease liabilities, so no lease cost or lease interest is added.
Adjusted EBITDA adds share-based payments, and the impairment that the company reports with depreciation and amortisation, to EBIT and depreciation and amortisation. FFO deducts cash interest and cash taxes.
S&P applies its table to its own adjusted figures, which also deduct surplus cash and adjust for pensions and other items, so the band of an S&P calculation can differ.

Liquidity and MaturitiesLiquidity cover 1.52x, Debt due within 12 months £499m · FY2025

Cash and operating cash flow against debt due within 12 months, capital expenditure and dividends.

Cash, short-term investments and operating cash flow for fiscal 2025 equalled 1.5 times the sum of debt due within 12 months, capital expenditure and dividends.
Interpretation. Cash on hand and 1 year of operating cash flow pay for the debt due in the next 12 months, capital expenditure and dividends, without new borrowing. Undrawn credit lines are not counted.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Liquidity cover · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedCash, short-term investments and operating cash flow for fiscal 2025 equalled 1.5 times the sum of debt due within 12 months, capital expenditure and dividends.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 WeakenedCash, short-term investments and operating cash flow for fiscal 2024 equalled 1.1 times the sum of debt due within 12 months, capital expenditure and dividends.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewCash, short-term investments and operating cash flow for fiscal 2023 equalled 4.3 times the sum of debt due within 12 months, capital expenditure and dividends.Reconstructed · initial

Sources and Uses, Fiscal 2025

Sources	Amount
Cash and short-term investments	£330m
Operating cash flow	£876m
Sources	£1.2bn

Uses	Amount
Debt due within 12 months	£499m
Capital expenditure	£27.4m
Dividends paid	£268m
Uses	£795m

Liquidity cover 1.52x

By Fiscal Year

Ratio	FY202131 Dec 2021	FY202231 Dec 2022	FY202331 Dec 2023	FY202431 Dec 2024	FY202531 Dec 2025
Liquidity coverCash on hand plus a year of operating cash flow, against the cash needed in the next 12 months for maturing debt, capital spending and dividends. Above 1, these sources cover the uses without new borrowing.(Cash + short-term investments + operating cash flow) / (debt due within 12 months + capital expenditure + dividends); the flows of the fiscal year or of the last 4 quarters are taken as those of the next 12 months, and undrawn facilities are not included
Debt due within 12 monthsBorrowings and lease liabilities due within the next 12 months, which the company must repay or refinance.Current borrowings + current lease liabilities, or the current line that presents them together

Method

Debt due within 12 months is current borrowings and current lease liabilities.
Capital expenditure and dividends of the fiscal year are taken as those of the next 12 months. Undrawn credit facilities are not included.

Earnings QualityCash-flow accruals −6.7% · FY2025

Accruals and the cash backing of reported earnings.

Operating cash flow for fiscal 2025 exceeded net income attributable to the company by an amount equal to 6.7% of average total assets.
Interpretation. The profit came in as cash: operating cash flow was larger than net income. Profit backed by cash tends to repeat more than profit made of accounting entries (Sloan, 1996).
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Cash backing of earnings · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedOperating cash flow for fiscal 2025 exceeded net income attributable to the company by an amount equal to 6.7% of average total assets.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 StrengthenedOperating cash flow for fiscal 2024 exceeded net income attributable to the company by an amount equal to 4.0% of average total assets.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewOperating cash flow for fiscal 2023 exceeded net income attributable to the company by an amount equal to 1.7% of average total assets.Reconstructed · initial

By Fiscal Year

Ratio	FY202131 Dec 2021	FY202231 Dec 2022	FY202331 Dec 2023	FY202431 Dec 2024	FY202531 Dec 2025
Cash-flow accrualsNet income less operating cash flow, against average assets: the part of profit not received in cash in the same period. Research associates high accruals with lower earnings in later years; a negative figure means cash exceeded profit.(Net income attributable to the company - operating cash flow) / average total assets
Total accrualsAccruals that also cover long-term operating and financial assets and liabilities (Richardson, Sloan, Soliman and Tuna, 2005). Acquisitions raise the figure.Change in net operating working capital, net non-current operating assets and net financial assets / average total assets (Richardson, Sloan, Soliman and Tuna, 2005)
Free cash flow to net incomeFree cash flow against net income. Below 1, investment and working capital take up part of the profit.(Operating cash flow - capital expenditure) / net income attributable to the company

Method

Cash-flow accruals are net income attributable to the company less operating cash flow, over average total assets. Balance sheet accruals follow Sloan (1996) and total accruals Richardson, Sloan, Soliman and Tuna (2005).
Balance sheet and total accruals include the assets and liabilities that acquisitions bring in and disposals take out; cash-flow accruals exclude them.

Forensic and Distress ScoresDistress zoneAltman Z'' 0.91, Beneish −2.86 · Piotroski 5 of 9 · FY2025

Published distress and misstatement models, with their original coefficients and thresholds.

The Altman Z'' score for fiscal 2025 was 0.91, below the distress threshold of 1.10.
Interpretation. By this model, the balance sheet and earnings look like those of companies that went bankrupt in its original study: below 1.10 means distress, above 2.60 safe. Large share buybacks lower book equity and so lower the score.
Newin FY2025 · first stated
Rule: Altman Z'' zone · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 4 records
1. FY2025 NewThe Altman Z'' score for fiscal 2025 was 0.91, below the distress threshold of 1.10.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2025 RetiredThe finding changed to the distress zone.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
3. FY2024 ConfirmedThe Altman Z'' score for fiscal 2024 was 1.23, between the distress threshold of 1.10 and the safe threshold of 2.60.Reconstructed · data update
4. FY2023 NewThe Altman Z'' score for fiscal 2023 was 2.42, between the distress threshold of 1.10 and the safe threshold of 2.60.Reconstructed · initial
The Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 was minus 2.86, below the model threshold of minus 1.78.
Interpretation. The model finds no sign of earnings manipulation. Beneish (1999) set a threshold of minus 1.78, above which a company resembles the companies that manipulated their earnings.
Strengthenedin FY2025 · stated since FY2023
Rule: Beneish M-score against its threshold · Sources Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 3 records
1. FY2025 StrengthenedThe Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 was minus 2.86, below the model threshold of minus 1.78.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 StrengthenedThe Beneish M-score for fiscal 2024 was minus 2.50, below the model threshold of minus 1.78.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2023 NewThe Beneish M-score for fiscal 2023 was minus 2.27, below the model threshold of minus 1.78.Reconstructed · initial
The Piotroski F-score for fiscal 2025 was 5 of 9. The 4 signals not met were return on assets higher than a year earlier, long-term debt to assets lower than a year earlier, margin higher than a year earlier and asset turnover higher than a year earlier.
Interpretation. The score counts how many of 9 tests of profit, debt, liquidity and efficiency the company passes. A score of 4 to 6 is the middle group: Piotroski (2000) placed 7 to 9 in the strongest group and 0 to 3 in the weakest.
Confirmedin FY2025 · stated since FY2024
Rule: Piotroski F-score · Sources Annual financial report 2024-12, Annual financial report 2025-12
History of this finding, 4 records
1. FY2025 ConfirmedThe Piotroski F-score for fiscal 2025 was 5 of 9. The 4 signals not met were return on assets higher than a year earlier, long-term debt to assets lower than a year earlier, margin higher than a year earlier and asset turnover higher than a year earlier.Recorded from FY2025_7d0e389e · data update
2. FY2024 NewThe Piotroski F-score for fiscal 2024 was 5 of 9. The 4 signals not met were return on assets higher than a year earlier, long-term debt to assets lower than a year earlier, current ratio higher than a year earlier and margin higher than a year earlier.Reconstructed · data update
3. FY2024 RetiredThe finding changed to a middle score.Reconstructed · data update
4. FY2023 NewThe Piotroski F-score for fiscal 2023 was 7 of 9. The 2 signals not met were return on assets higher than a year earlier and current ratio higher than a year earlier.Reconstructed · initial

By Fiscal Year

Ratio	FY202131 Dec 2021	FY202231 Dec 2022	FY202331 Dec 2023	FY202431 Dec 2024	FY202531 Dec 2025
Altman Z'' scoreA measure of the risk of financial distress, built from working capital, retained earnings, operating profit and equity. Above 2.60 the model counts a company as safe and below 1.10 as in distress; between the 2 is a grey zone.6.56 x working capital / total assets + 3.26 x retained earnings / total assets + 6.72 x EBIT / total assets + 1.05 x total equity / total liabilities (Altman, 1995); distress zone below 1.10, safe zone above 2.60	grey zone	safe zone	grey zone	grey zone	distress zone
Beneish M-scoreA screen for earnings manipulation, built from 8 changes in the accounts, such as receivables growing faster than sales. Above minus 1.78 the model groups a company with the companies in the Beneish sample that manipulated their earnings.-4.84 + 0.920 DSRI + 0.528 GMI + 0.404 AQI + 0.892 SGI + 0.115 DEPI - 0.172 SGAI + 4.679 TATA - 0.327 LVGI (Beneish, 1999); model threshold -1.78	below threshold	above threshold	below threshold	below threshold	below threshold
Dechow F-scoreThe probability of a material misstatement in the accounts, estimated from accruals, receivables, stock, cash sales, profitability and new financing, against the average. A score of 1 means average risk and 2 means twice the average.Predicted probability of a misstatement (model 1 of Dechow, Ge, Larson and Sloan, 2011) / 0.0037, the unconditional probability; 1 equals the base rate	n/a
Piotroski F-scoreA count of 9 yes or no tests on profitability, cash flow, debt, liquidity, new shares, margins and the use of assets. A score of 7 to 9 indicates improving strength and 0 to 3 indicates weakness.Number of 9 binary signals met on profitability, cash flow, debt, liquidity, equity issuance, margin and asset turnover (Piotroski, 2000)	n/a

Altman Z'' Score

fiscal 2025

A measure of the risk of financial distress, built from working capital, retained earnings, operating profit and equity. Above 2.60 the model counts a company as safe and below 1.10 as in distress; between the 2 is a grey zone.

0.91Distress zone, below 1.10

Grey zone, 1.10 to 2.60

Safe zone, above 2.60

The score of 0.91 is in the distress zone of the model, below 1.10. The largest part is equity against liabilities, at 1.08; working capital below zero lowers the score by 0.75.

Part	Value	Coefficient	Contribution
Working capital / total assetsCurrent assets less current liabilities, against total assets: the short-term funds available for operations.	−0.114	6.560	−0.749
Retained earnings / total assetsProfits kept in the business over its life, against total assets.	0.152	3.260	0.495
EBIT / total assetsOperating profit against total assets: the earning power of the assets.	0.011	6.720	0.077
Total equity / total liabilitiesBook equity against liabilities: how far the assets could fall in value before liabilities exceed them.	1.032	1.050	1.084
Score			0.907

Altman, Hartzell and Peck (1995), for non-manufacturing companies. The model omits the ratio of sales to total assets of the 1968 model and uses book equity. Working capital below zero and equity reduced by share repurchases lower the score.

Beneish M-score

fiscal 2025

A screen for earnings manipulation, built from 8 changes in the accounts, such as receivables growing faster than sales. Above minus 1.78 the model groups a company with the companies in the Beneish sample that manipulated their earnings.

−2.86Below the threshold, −1.78 and below

Above the threshold, above −1.78

The score of minus 2.86 is below the model threshold of minus 1.78. Of the 8 measures, sales growth raises the score most.

Part	Value	Coefficient	Contribution
Intercept			−4.840
Days sales in receivables indexReceivables against sales, against a year earlier. A rise can mean sales recorded before customers pay.	0.840	0.920	0.773
Gross margin indexGross margin a year earlier against the current gross margin. Above 1, margins fell, which the model treats as a risk factor.	1.000	0.528	0.528
Asset quality indexAssets other than current assets and property, plant and equipment, as a share of total assets, against a year earlier. A rise can mean more costs recorded as assets.	1.009	0.404	0.407
Sales growth indexSales against a year earlier. The model treats fast growth as a risk factor.	1.137	0.892	1.015
Depreciation indexThe rate of depreciation a year earlier against the current rate. Above 1, depreciation slowed, which raises profit.	1.000	0.115	0.115
Selling, general and administrative expenses indexOverheads against sales, against a year earlier.	1.000	−0.172	−0.172
Total accruals to total assetsNet income less operating cash flow, against total assets: profit not backed by cash. It carries the largest coefficient in the model.	−0.070	4.679	−0.329
Leverage indexDebt against total assets, against a year earlier.	1.087	−0.327	−0.355
Score			−2.858

Beneish (1999), estimated on 74 companies identified as earnings manipulators in SEC enforcement releases and the press for 1982 to 1992, against 2,332 Compustat companies. The model classes a score above minus 1.78 with the first group. An index whose inputs are not reported counts as 1.

Dechow F-score

fiscal 2025

The probability of a material misstatement in the accounts, estimated from accruals, receivables, stock, cash sales, profitability and new financing, against the average. A score of 1 means average risk and 2 means twice the average.

A score of 0.68 means a probability of a misstatement 0.68 times the average rate in the Dechow sample: 0.25% against 0.37%.

Part	Value	Coefficient	Contribution
Intercept			−7.893
Total accruals (Richardson, Sloan, Soliman and Tuna)Total accruals: the growth of operating and financial assets net of liabilities, against average assets.	−0.070	0.790	−0.055
Change in receivables / average total assetsThe growth of receivables against average assets.	−0.002	2.518	−0.006
Change in inventories / average total assetsThe growth of stock against average assets.	0.000	1.191	0.000
Assets other than cash and property, plant and equipment / total assetsAssets other than cash and property, plant and equipment, as a share of total assets: assets whose value depends more on judgement.	0.967	1.979	1.913
Change in cash salesThe growth of sales collected in cash.	0.204	0.171	0.035
Change in return on assetsThe change in return on assets against a year earlier. A fall raises the score.	−0.023	−0.932	0.021
Debt or equity issued in the year, 1 or 01 when the company issued shares or debt in the year.	0.000	1.029	0.000
Predicted value			−5.985
Probability of a misstatement			0.25%

Model 1 of Dechow, Ge, Larson and Sloan (2011), estimated on misstatements named in SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases. The score is the predicted probability of a misstatement over 0.37%, the unconditional probability in their sample, so 1.00 equals that base rate.

Piotroski F-score

fiscal 2025

A count of 9 yes or no tests on profitability, cash flow, debt, liquidity, new shares, margins and the use of assets. A score of 7 to 9 indicates improving strength and 0 to 3 indicates weakness.

5 of the 9 tests are met, in the middle group of 4 to 6.

Signal	FY2025	FY2024
Return on assets above zero	Met	Met
Operating cash flow above zero	Met	Met
Return on assets higher than a year earlier	Not met	Not met
Operating cash flow above net income	Met	Met
Long-term debt to assets lower than a year earlier	Not met	Not met
Current ratio higher than a year earlier	Met	Not met
No common equity issued	Met	Met
Margin higher than a year earlier	Not met	Not met
Asset turnover higher than a year earlier	Not met	Met

Piotroski (2000), 9 signals on profitability, funding and operating efficiency, designed for companies with high book-to-market ratios. Piotroski grouped scores of 8 and 9 as high and 0 and 1 as low; the findings group 7 to 9 and 0 to 3.

Source Documents

Documents of this snapshot, latest first. A report that states no date of publication carries the date on which the public index of structured annual reports added it.

Document	Date	Id
Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2025 Search page of the FCA National Storage Mechanism	12 May 2026, added to the index	AFR:5493006VM2LKUPSEDU20-2025-12-31-0
Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2024 Search page of the FCA National Storage Mechanism	7 May 2025, added to the index	AFR:5493006VM2LKUPSEDU20-2024-12-31-0
Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2023 Search page of the FCA National Storage Mechanism	1 May 2024, added to the index	AFR:5493006VM2LKUPSEDU20-2023-12-31-0
Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2022 Search page of the FCA National Storage Mechanism	2 May 2023, added to the index	AFR:5493006VM2LKUPSEDU20-2022-12-31-0
Annual financial report for the year to 31 December 2021 Search page of the FCA National Storage Mechanism	28 Apr 2022, added to the index	AFR:5493006VM2LKUPSEDU20-2021-12-31-0

Checks

2525 checks, all passed

Fiscal calendar11 passedFiscal years last 350 to 380 days, and each starts on the day after the one before. Checked at error level.

Coverage2 passedThe latest fiscal year gives total assets and a profit figure. Checked at error level.

Balance sheet identity6 passedTotal assets equal total liabilities and equity at each balance sheet date. Checked at error level.

Earnings per share6 passedProfit divided by earnings per share gives a number of shares in line with the other years. Checked at warning level.

Data Quality

How many values of this snapshot the checks prove, and how many Annalist derives, withholds and tracks as restated. Every company.

Values published	242
Proven by a check	7.4%, 18 values
Confirmed by a second document	0.0%, 0 values
Derived from reported figures	0.0%, 0 values
Values withheld	0
Restated figures tracked	8
Changes compared on one basis	3
Company lines mapped	0 of 0 reviewed

Citation

Annalist, Informa plc, snapshot informa/FY2025_7d0e389e (as of FY2025); <item label>, <period>; source <document id> (<document url>)

Snapshot FY2025_7d0e389e · dataset SHA-256 7d0e389ec14e8a7a30f0a4a304dcf5a0670296f6369ef1122af71e03b291caf8 · findings rules 0.4

Data: info.json · dataset.json · validation.json · documents.json