{
 "schema": "annalist.findings/0.1",
 "company": "unilever",
 "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
 "as_of": {
  "period": "FY2025",
  "period_end": "2025-12-31",
  "release_date": null,
  "indexed": "2026-03-18"
 },
 "findings_version": "0.4",
 "conventions": {
  "ledger": "Append-only: records are never changed or removed; seq gives the order of writing. A thread is one claim of one rule, written <rule>/<claim>.",
  "strength": "Claim polarity times measure. A thread is Strengthened or Weakened when its strength moves by more than the band of its rule, otherwise Confirmed.",
  "states": {
   "New": "The finding is stated for the first time, or again after it was retired.",
   "Confirmed": "The finding still holds and its measure moved by no more than the band of its rule.",
   "Strengthened": "The finding still holds and its measure moved further in the direction the finding states.",
   "Weakened": "The finding still holds and its measure moved back towards the opposite direction.",
   "Retired": "The finding no longer holds: its rule now states another claim, or no longer applies."
  },
  "changes": {
   "initial": "The first record of the rule for the company.",
   "data update": "A later period, from a new report.",
   "restatement": "The same period with different figures, after the company reported them differently.",
   "methodology": "A new method version of the rule.",
   "wording": "A new wording version of the rule, with the same method.",
   "correction": "The same period with different figures after Annalist corrected how it reads the filings; the reason names the correction, and config/corrections.toml lists the earlier records it concerns."
  },
  "basis": {
   "recorded": "Recorded from the snapshot named, after its publication.",
   "reconstructed": "Reconstructed from the figures of the snapshot named, as at the end of the period shown, when the ledger was opened. Figures are as later reported, so restated figures replace the original ones."
  },
  "claims": {
   "higher": "the measure is above its value a year earlier",
   "lower": "the measure is below its value a year earlier",
   "unchanged": "the measure is within rounding of its value a year earlier",
   "stated": "the figure is stated without a comparison",
   "profit_after_loss": "a profit follows a loss in the same period a year earlier",
   "loss": "the latest period shows a loss",
   "positive": "the amount is positive",
   "negative": "the amount is negative",
   "net_debt": "total debt exceeds cash and short-term investments",
   "net_cash": "cash and short-term investments exceed total debt",
   "ahead": "the share of the forecast reached exceeds the share of the year elapsed",
   "behind": "the share of the forecast reached is below the share of the year elapsed",
   "in_line": "the share of the forecast reached equals the share of the year elapsed, within rounding",
   "minimal": "the measure is within the minimal band of the S&P benchmark table",
   "modest": "the measure is within the modest band of the S&P benchmark table",
   "intermediate": "the measure is within the intermediate band of the S&P benchmark table",
   "significant": "the measure is within the significant band of the S&P benchmark table",
   "aggressive": "the measure is within the aggressive band of the S&P benchmark table",
   "highly_leveraged": "the measure is within the highly leveraged band of the S&P benchmark table",
   "covered": "the sources of cash cover the uses",
   "shortfall": "the sources of cash fall short of the uses",
   "cash_backed": "operating cash flow exceeds net income",
   "accrual_led": "net income exceeds operating cash flow",
   "safe_zone": "the score is above the safe threshold of the model",
   "grey_zone": "the score is between the thresholds of the model",
   "distress_zone": "the score is below the distress threshold of the model",
   "below_threshold": "the score is below the threshold of the model",
   "above_threshold": "the score is above the threshold of the model",
   "high_score": "7 or more of the 9 signals are met",
   "middle_score": "4 to 6 of the 9 signals are met",
   "low_score": "3 or fewer of the 9 signals are met"
  }
 },
 "rules": {
  "corp.cash_backing": {
   "version": "2.0",
   "module": "quality",
   "title": "Cash backing of earnings",
   "measure": "net income attributable to the company less operating cash flow, over average total assets, per cent, over 4 quarters or for a fiscal year, whichever ends later",
   "band": "0.5 percentage points"
  },
  "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm": {
   "version": "1.1",
   "title": "Free cash flow",
   "measure": "free cash flow over the last 4 quarters, in the reporting currency",
   "band": "5% of the earlier amount"
  },
  "corp.net_income_fy": {
   "version": "1.0",
   "title": "Net income against the previous fiscal year",
   "measure": "growth of net income attributable to the company for the fiscal year against the previous fiscal year, per cent; where either year shows a loss, the net income of the latest fiscal year",
   "band": "1.0 percentage point for growth; 5% of the earlier amount for amounts"
  },
  "corp.operating_margin_ttm": {
   "version": "1.1",
   "title": "Operating margin against a year earlier",
   "measure": "change of the operating margin over the last 4 quarters against a year earlier, percentage points",
   "band": "0.2 percentage points"
  },
  "corp.revenue_fy": {
   "version": "1.0",
   "title": "Revenue against the previous fiscal year",
   "measure": "growth of revenue for the fiscal year against the previous fiscal year, per cent",
   "band": "1.0 percentage point"
  },
  "corp.roe_ttm": {
   "version": "1.1",
   "title": "Return on equity against a year earlier",
   "measure": "change of return on equity over the last 4 quarters against a year earlier, percentage points",
   "band": "0.5 percentage points"
  }
 },
 "corrections": [],
 "threads": {
  "corp.revenue_fy/lower": {
   "rule": "corp.revenue_fy",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "New",
   "since": "FY2025",
   "active": true,
   "records": [
    1,
    7,
    15
   ]
  },
  "corp.net_income_fy/lower": {
   "rule": "corp.net_income_fy",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Retired",
   "since": "FY2023",
   "active": false,
   "records": [
    2,
    9,
    16
   ]
  },
  "corp.operating_margin_ttm/lower": {
   "rule": "corp.operating_margin_ttm",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Retired",
   "since": "FY2023",
   "active": false,
   "records": [
    3,
    10,
    18
   ]
  },
  "corp.roe_ttm/lower": {
   "rule": "corp.roe_ttm",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Retired",
   "since": "FY2023",
   "active": false,
   "records": [
    4,
    11,
    20
   ]
  },
  "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm/positive": {
   "rule": "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm",
   "claim": "positive",
   "state": "Weakened",
   "since": "FY2023",
   "active": true,
   "records": [
    5,
    12,
    22
   ]
  },
  "corp.cash_backing/cash_backed": {
   "rule": "corp.cash_backing",
   "claim": "cash_backed",
   "state": "Retired",
   "since": "FY2023",
   "active": false,
   "records": [
    6,
    13,
    23
   ]
  },
  "corp.revenue_fy/higher": {
   "rule": "corp.revenue_fy",
   "claim": "higher",
   "state": "Retired",
   "since": "FY2024",
   "active": false,
   "records": [
    8,
    14
   ]
  },
  "corp.net_income_fy/higher": {
   "rule": "corp.net_income_fy",
   "claim": "higher",
   "state": "New",
   "since": "FY2025",
   "active": true,
   "records": [
    17
   ]
  },
  "corp.operating_margin_ttm/higher": {
   "rule": "corp.operating_margin_ttm",
   "claim": "higher",
   "state": "New",
   "since": "FY2025",
   "active": true,
   "records": [
    19
   ]
  },
  "corp.roe_ttm/higher": {
   "rule": "corp.roe_ttm",
   "claim": "higher",
   "state": "New",
   "since": "FY2025",
   "active": true,
   "records": [
    21
   ]
  },
  "corp.cash_backing/accrual_led": {
   "rule": "corp.cash_backing",
   "claim": "accrual_led",
   "state": "New",
   "since": "FY2025",
   "active": true,
   "records": [
    24
   ]
  }
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "seq": 1,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.revenue_fy/lower",
   "rule": "corp.revenue_fy",
   "rule_version": "1.0",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "initial",
   "period": "FY2023",
   "period_end": "2023-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -0.780717,
    "unit": "%"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    1.0
   ],
   "strength": 0.780717,
   "text": "Revenue for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2023 was €51.7 billion, 0.8% lower than in the previous fiscal year.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2023/revenue",
     "value": 51680000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2025-12-31-0"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ref": "comparison/FY2023/revenue_earlier",
     "value": 60073000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2024-12-31-0"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 2,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.net_income_fy/lower",
   "rule": "corp.net_income_fy",
   "rule_version": "1.0",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "initial",
   "period": "FY2023",
   "period_end": "2023-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -15.1138,
    "unit": "%"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    1.0
   ],
   "strength": 15.1138,
   "text": "Net income attributable to the company for fiscal 2023 was €6.5 billion, 15.1% lower than in the previous fiscal year.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2023/net_income",
     "value": 6487000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2025-12-31-0"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2022/net_income",
     "value": 7642000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2024-12-31-0"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 3,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.operating_margin_ttm/lower",
   "rule": "corp.operating_margin_ttm",
   "rule_version": "1.1",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "initial",
   "period": "FY2023",
   "period_end": "2023-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -0.492227,
    "unit": "pp"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    0.2
   ],
   "strength": 0.492227,
   "text": "The operating margin for fiscal 2023 was 17.4%, 0.5 percentage points lower than a year earlier.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.operating_margin/annual/FY2023",
     "value": 17.4109907120743,
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.operating_margin/annual/FY2022",
     "value": 17.90321775173539,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 4,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.roe_ttm/lower",
   "rule": "corp.roe_ttm",
   "rule_version": "1.1",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "initial",
   "period": "FY2023",
   "period_end": "2023-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -7.35645,
    "unit": "pp"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    0.5
   ],
   "strength": 7.35645,
   "text": "Return on equity for fiscal 2023 was 34.9%, against 42.3% a year earlier.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.roe/annual/FY2023",
     "value": 34.948684104194164,
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.roe/annual/FY2022",
     "value": 42.305137289636846,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 5,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm/positive",
   "rule": "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm",
   "rule_version": "1.1",
   "claim": "positive",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "initial",
   "period": "FY2023",
   "period_end": "2023-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": 8232000000.0,
    "unit": "EUR"
   },
   "band": [
    "rel",
    0.05
   ],
   "strength": 8232000000.0,
   "text": "Free cash flow for fiscal 2023 was €8.2 billion, and operating cash flow was 1.5 times net income attributable to the company.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.free_cash_flow/annual/FY2023",
     "value": 8232000000.0,
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.cash_conversion/annual/FY2023",
     "value": 1.4530599660860182,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 6,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.cash_backing/cash_backed",
   "rule": "corp.cash_backing",
   "rule_version": "2.0",
   "claim": "cash_backed",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "initial",
   "period": "FY2023",
   "period_end": "2023-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -3.83965,
    "unit": "%"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    0.5
   ],
   "strength": 3.83965,
   "text": "Operating cash flow for fiscal 2023 exceeded net income attributable to the company by an amount equal to 3.8% of average total assets.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.cash_flow_accruals/annual/FY2023",
     "value": -3.839646736822852,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 7,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.revenue_fy/lower",
   "rule": "corp.revenue_fy",
   "rule_version": "1.0",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Retired",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": null,
   "band": [
    "abs",
    1.0
   ],
   "strength": null,
   "text": null,
   "reason": "The rule corp.revenue_fy now states the claim higher.",
   "successor": "higher",
   "figures": [],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 8,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.revenue_fy/higher",
   "rule": "corp.revenue_fy",
   "rule_version": "1.0",
   "claim": "higher",
   "state": "New",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": 1.54605,
    "unit": "%"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    1.0
   ],
   "strength": 1.54605,
   "text": "Revenue for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2024 was €52.5 billion, 1.5% higher than in the previous fiscal year.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2024/revenue",
     "value": 52479000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2025-12-31-0"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2023/revenue",
     "value": 51680000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2025-12-31-0"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 9,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.net_income_fy/lower",
   "rule": "corp.net_income_fy",
   "rule_version": "1.0",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Weakened",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -11.4537,
    "unit": "%"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    1.0
   ],
   "strength": 11.4537,
   "text": "Net income attributable to the company for fiscal 2024 was €5.7 billion, 11.5% lower than in the previous fiscal year.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2024/net_income",
     "value": 5744000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2025-12-31-0"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ref": "pl_annual/FY2023/net_income",
     "value": 6487000000.0,
     "sources": [
      "AFR:549300MKFYEKVRWML317-2025-12-31-0"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 10,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.operating_margin_ttm/lower",
   "rule": "corp.operating_margin_ttm",
   "rule_version": "1.1",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Confirmed",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -0.587118,
    "unit": "pp"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    0.2
   ],
   "strength": 0.587118,
   "text": "The operating margin for fiscal 2024 was 16.8%, 0.6 percentage points lower than a year earlier.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.operating_margin/annual/FY2024",
     "value": 16.823872406105302,
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.operating_margin/annual/FY2023",
     "value": 17.4109907120743,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 11,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.roe_ttm/lower",
   "rule": "corp.roe_ttm",
   "rule_version": "1.1",
   "claim": "lower",
   "state": "Weakened",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": -4.79012,
    "unit": "pp"
   },
   "band": [
    "abs",
    0.5
   ],
   "strength": 4.79012,
   "text": "Return on equity for fiscal 2024 was 30.2%, against 34.9% a year earlier.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.roe/annual/FY2024",
     "value": 30.158563477895623,
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.roe/annual/FY2023",
     "value": 34.948684104194164,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 12,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm/positive",
   "rule": "corp.free_cash_flow_ttm",
   "rule_version": "1.1",
   "claim": "positive",
   "state": "Confirmed",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": {
    "value": 8138000000.0,
    "unit": "EUR"
   },
   "band": [
    "rel",
    0.05
   ],
   "strength": 8138000000.0,
   "text": "Free cash flow for fiscal 2024 was €8.1 billion, and operating cash flow was 1.7 times net income attributable to the company.",
   "reason": null,
   "successor": null,
   "figures": [
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.free_cash_flow/annual/FY2024",
     "value": 8138000000.0,
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "ref": "ratio/corp.cash_conversion/annual/FY2024",
     "value": 1.6572075208913648,
     "sources": []
    }
   ],
   "basis": "reconstructed",
   "snapshot": "FY2025_3e14c451",
   "dataset_sha256": "3e14c451dc359e881fbf00e584beee9a990663abc85d4bb9e76069a11451f8b3"
  },
  {
   "seq": 13,
   "company": "unilever",
   "thread": "corp.cash_backing/cash_backed",
   "rule": "corp.cash_backing",
   "rule_version": "2.0",
   "claim": "cash_backed",
   "state": "Strengthened",
   "change": "data update",
   "period": "FY2024",
   "period_end": "2024-12-31",
   "measure": {
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